Wind and water erosion pdf file

Soil erosion occurs when soil is removed through the action of wind and water at a greater rate than it is formed soil the soil covering the surface of the earth has taken millions of years to form and we must learn to respect it. Wind and water erosion and transport in semia wiley online library. Windbreaks such as big trees and bushes are often planted by farmers to reduce wind erosion. Water erosion results from the removal of soil material by flowing water. For example, few plants grow in deserts, so wind can easily move the grains of dry sand. There are three main types of erosion, but the main cause of erosion on earth is water. Erosion is a natural process but is often intensified by human land use practices. Energy in waves comes from wind that blows across the waters surface water erosion gravity acts on water or ice that transports sediment, causing it to move down a slope. Often soil particles are carried by runoff, water that does not soak into the ground, but flows over the surface and runs to another area such as into stormdrains, streams, or lakes. Water, wind, and ice can make objects, such as rocks, break into small pieces.

Wind is effective in causing erosion in deserts because the sand isnt held in place by vegetation and blows easily. Natural erosion occurs primarily on a geologic time scale, but when mans activities alter the landscape, the erosion process can be greatly accelerated. Rangeland soil qualitywater erosion pdf stream bank erosion pdf erosion control pdf gully erosion examples. Comparative rates of wind versus water erosion from a. Wind blows away weathered particles from the source to other locations. This information is provided by the usda engineering and wind erosion research unit in cooperation.

An example is the formation of sand dunes, on a beach or in a desert. The corrected cligen par file documentation is available here. Erosion by wind soil and water conservation management. Magnitude of wind and water erosion mainly depend on wind velocity, rainfall rate, slope and soil characteristics. Causes, effects and types of erosion water, wind, glacier. You will notice the rain water moving through areas like a stream carrying debris such. Soil erosion by water and wind is an important agent of land degradation that impacts nutrient availability, forage production and food security, and poses serious. The relative erosion rates of wind and water erosion have rarely been studied simultaneously and are poorly quanti. The processes are always occurring naturally throughout the world. Reducing erosion and runoff vce publications virginia tech. Wind erosion can be caused by a light wind that rolls soil particles along the surface through to a strong wind that lifts a large volume of soil particles into the air to create dust storms. This leaflet explains the different types of erosion on the north coast. Cole member asae abstract relating the various damaging effects of soil erosion by wind to the appropriate measures of the erosion process are critical for controlling and estimating the probable damage.

Water erosion is caused by the detachment and transport of soil by rainfall, runoff, melting snow or ice, and irrigation. Very few measurements of wind erosion rates on non agricultural lands in semiarid regions have been made. It refers to the movement of soil organic and inorganic particles along the soil surface with flowing water and deposition of the eroded materials at lower landscape. Water, waves, moving ice, and even mass movement have more effect on the land. Wind erosion wind erosion is the form of soil degradation by the action of the wind which abrades, transports and deposes soil sand particles. This has only recently been transferred to a modeling capability for both wind and water erosion assessment.

Soil erosion is the displacement of the upper layer of soil, it is one form of soil degradation. Abrasion by wind carried sand can polish rock and causes little erosion. Jun 01, 2017 soil erosion occurs when soil particles are carried off by water or wind and deposited somewhere else such as into a stream or at the bottom of a bay. The extent of wind erosion and related processes is particularly mentioned as a growing threat to agricultural soils 22. Dredging streams to ease this problem is costly and wreaks havoc on aquatic plant and animal communities. Erosion is the wearing away of the land surface by running water, wind, ice, or other causes. Part two is a procedure for evaluating wind erosion effects on soil loss and, subsequently, on crop yields. Revise wind erosion models more accurately portrays the physical processes of wind erosion estimates wind erosion based on wind velocity, rainfall characteristics, soil roughness, erodible fraction of soil, crusts, surface residues and other dynamic factors. Water, wind, and ice can also move pieces of rock or land. Even though wind is the weakest agent, it is still a powerful force in shaping the land near areas where there is little plant growth. Types and forms of erosion by water and by wind food and.

Sheet erosion is the moreorless uniform removal of soil from the surface. This erosion is the dominant form of soil degradation troeh et al. The following principles and practices should be adopted for the management of eroded land wind. This simple erosion experiment lets kids see the effects of water, wind, and ice on the soil. Explain how waves, wind, water, and glacial movement shape and reshape the land surface of the earth by eroding rock in some areas and depositing sediments in other areas. Wind erosion causes damage to the crops by removing the soil which crops needed from it. Forces for weathering erosion one day after a heavy rain you walk along a creek near your house. If original soil is erodable and wind exists, soil particles move via wind sometimes it is called dust transport and finally are deposited at final destination regionsareas. Wind wind is a powerful force that constantly reshapes earths surface. An onsite loss of agricultural potential an offsite effect of downstream movement of sediment, causing flooding and the silting up of reservoirs. Five ways to reduce wind erosion keep your soil covered and reduce the wind speed to prevent wind from removing your valuable topsoil. A method is outlined using the conservation of mass and momentum principles showing.

It can vary from straw, to compost, to wood chips, or saw dust. Comparative rates of wind versus water erosion from a small. Ice erosion occurs in one of two forms, the movement of glaciers, or thawing processes. Climate change impacts on wind and water erosion on us. The reported erosions rates on arable land vary to a large extent, depending on the combination of influencing factors. Deflation is the main way wind causes erosion, it usually has a great effect on the land and it can create blowouts. The read science station is part of the wind and water changes second grade. The main agents of erosion are water, wind and gravity. Erosion may also impact water conveyance and storage structures, and. A mixture of weathered rock, organic matter, air, and water 7. In the latter formation, water inside pores and rock fractures expand, which causes further cracking. The degree to which this happens depends on the size and speed of the falling raindrops. Wind energy also has great power to dislodge surface soil particles, and. However, water erosion occurs when rainfall or hail occurs.

The loss of soil nutrients and the covering of the land with many deposits decrease the ability of the soil to properly produce drops. It can cause significant economic and environmental damage. In this read science station, read about how weathering and erosion change landforms. Since wind deposition follows the event of wind erosion, it is important to learn. Abrasion by wind carried sand can polish rock, but causes little erosion. Classification of erosion depending upon the erosion causing factors a wind erosion. Subscribe to the inspiration laboratories weekly newsletter.

Rainwater in the form of runoff is the main driver of water erosion. Wind erosion is occurred when pieces of the earth are worn away by the strong winds. Think of weathering as the process of breaking down rock using a hammer. Wind erosion is controlled by reducing the wind forces on erodible soil particles or by creating aggregates on soil surfaces that are. Water erosion is very simplistically speaking caused by rainfall, river flow, waves wave action, hydraulic action and abrasion, corrosion, glacier movement, thawing, etc. The extent of movement depends on the amount of soil moved depends on the size of the soil particles, the cloddiness of the soil particles and the velocity of the wind wind velocity.

These sources typically are characterized by nonhomogeneous surfaces impregnated with nonerodible elements particles larger than approximately 1 centimeter cm in. Wind erosion greatest impact is on an area that has few plants to hold dry soil in place wave erosion. High water erosion issues high water erosion concerns with annual precipitation over the last couple of years reminiscent of the early 1970s and the high water year of 1986, current local highwater levels are having extreme effects on local properties and homes. Introduction to erosion this unit contains resources about the three agents of erosion water, wind and ice, deposition of sediment and the land forms that are formed. What are the similarities and differences between water. It is a dynamic, physical process where loose, dry, bare soils are transported by strong winds. What are the differences between wind erosion and water. Soil crusts can also increase resistance of the surface soil to wind forces but this effect is only temporary and should not be relied upon for erosion control. Weathering and erosion can change the shape of coastlines, form canyons, create valleys, and change the earths surface over time. Wind erosion is a common cause of land degradation in the arid and semi arid. Soil erosion is usually caused by the force of water falling as raindrops and by the force of water flowing in rills and streams. In this lesson, students will learn about wind erosion and how it can form sand dunes. Use a retort stand if you have one or otherwise find a way to suspend a small container of water to drip onto the salt block this will simulate erosion in your classroom. Wind erosion is a common cause of land degradation in the arid and semi arid grazing lands of inland queensland.

The word erosion is derived from the latin rodere meaning to gnaw, the same root that gives us the word rodent. Rangeland soil quality water erosion pdf stream bank erosion pdf erosion control pdf gully erosion examples. Ecological sitebased assessments of wind and water. Once the eroded particles as a result of ocean currents and waves are settled and deposited, they enormously change the coastline of the area. Tables listing the prevailing wind erosion direction by month for many locations in the united states are available see nrcs weq web site address at the end of this document. Jun 14, 2011 an educational programme for the subject wind erosion.

The role of vegetative cover land areas covered by plant biomass, living or dead, are more resistant to wind and water soil erosion and experience relatively little erosion because rain drop and wind energy are dissipated by the biomass layer and the topsoil is held together by the biomass 17. The sediment may be deposited at mouths of rivers, the bases of mountains, and many other places, or perhaps in your front yard. In addition to the input file for cligen par file, the cligen output file and wepp model use units of ms for wind speed. Detachment and transportation of soil particles caused by rainfall runoffsplash. Rill and gully erosion occurs when concentrated runoff cuts conspicuous channels into the soil. Every day in march, bloggers will be sharing science activities inspired by a book. The soil material is suspended in runoff water and carried away. It is one of the processes leading to desertification. Link soil erosion to soil formation, to the hydrological cycle and. It is the laying down of sediment carried by wind, water, ice or other causes of erosion.

Wind erosion and deposition has been creating a massive impact on land production. Spread evenly onto the ground, mulch helps to reduce water. Soil erosion is an important process in dryland ecosystems, yet measurements and comparisons of wind and water erosion within and among such ecosystems. Soil quality information sheet rangeland soil quality. The classes of accelerated erosion that follow apply to both water and wind erosion. Water erosion is the wearing away of the soil surface by water from rain, runoff, snowmelt, and irrigation. Pdf soil loss due to wind and water erosion degrades the soil onsite and results in environmental problems due to deposition in offsite. There are two lengths of text, one shorter and one longer. You may not see it taking place, but the next time there is a heavy rain, with permission, take a walk through your neighborhood. When the force of wind is exerted on a land surface, the soil moves. Provide an overview of the mechanisms and consequences of soil erosion by water and wind. Feb 14, 20 this video will help you better understand the problems associated with wind erosion of soil. This post is also a part of the storybook science series.

Significant wind erosion occurs when strong winds blow over lighttextured soils that have been heavily grazed during periods of drought. Water and wind erosion are two main agents that degrade soils find, read and cite all the research you. A part of the process is the detachment of soil material by the impact of raindrops. Pdf the reduction of partitioned wind and water erosion by. Geomorphologists and other earth scientists usually consider wind erosion as a specific subdiscipline of a more broad study of aeolian also spelled eolian processes.

When we cut down too many plants and trees, the soil is more easily moved by water. Erosion by the action of water, wind, and ice has produced some of the most spectacular landscapes we know. Outlines causes, types, and damages of errant water. Water erosion water erosion causes two sets of problems. Pdf global dimensions of vulnerability to wind and water erosion. In this study, wind and water erosion rates were simultaneously measured and compared over 2 yrs for a small rangeland watershed in the santa rita experimental range in. It encompasses physical soil erosion, chemical salinity and alkalinity, pollution and biological deterioration pollution and. Explain how physical and chemical weathering lead to erosion and the formation of soils and sediments. You will also get a pdf file of a student handout that goes along with the presentation.

Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The detached soil particles are subsequently transported by overland water flow. Pdf soil is the most fundamental and basic natural resource for all life to survive. While a cloddy soil surface will absorb more wind energy than a flat, smooth surface, a soil surface that is both ridged and cloddy will absorb even more. Wind erosion is a natural process that moves soil from one location to another by wind power. Some erosion can take place rapidly and move soil, rocks, and other natural debris overnight, as during a thunderstorm or flash flood. Name date class overview content mastery weathering and.

Some particles fill up soil voids, sealing the soil. Wind erosion and deposition erosion and deposition. Four kinds of accelerated water erosion are commonly recognized. Jul 30, 2016 wind erosion is controlled by reducing the wind forces on erodible soil particles or by creating aggregates on soil surfaces that are. It occurs in dry bare areas when wind blows and moves the dirt around. Soil erosion is a process of moving soil by water or wind when the soil particles are detached and transported to a. Erosion may also impact water conveyance and storage structures, and contribute to pollution from land surfaces. Wind erosion occurs in three processes known as creeping, saltation and suspension. Pdf the global assessment of wind and water erosion reported in this empirical study employs a simplified model considering only soil and. Weathering is where rock is broken down and dissolved into tiny particles by chemical, physical and biological processes. Erosion, removal of surface material from earths crust, primarily soil and rock debris, and the transportation of the eroded materials by natural agencies such as water or wind from the point of removal. Raindrops falling on bare or sparsely vegetated soil detach soil particles.

Processes and principles of erosion and sedimentation. Obviously, if the soil can be kept moist there is little danger of wind erosion. Weathering and erosion the science zonewhere everyones. All the sediment picked up by wind eventually falls to the ground. Your purchase here includes a pdf file of a presentation about erosion that you can use when giving direct instruction about the types of erosion water, gravity, glaciers, wind. Land degradation, soil erosion and soil conservation pmf ias. Sheet erosion soil erosion is characterised by the downslope removal of soil particles within a thin sheet of water. This natural process is caused by the dynamic activity of erosive agents, that is, water, ice glaciers, snow, air wind, plants, animals, and humans.

Use the clues below to complete the crossword puzzle. Along with water some soil particles mostly finer ones are carried. Mulch, a type of protective covering which is in direct contact with the ground, provides more protection than canopy cover. The critical wind erosion period is that part of the year when agricultural fields are particularly vulnerable to wind erosion. Yet wind can be a powerful force in shaping the land in areas where there are few plants to hold the soil in place. The two other types of erosion, wind and ice, may take thousands of years.

Erosion moves the weathered rock particles to another location by the action of water, wind, ice and gravity. Start studying 5th grade science weathering, erosion, deposition. Read about how weathering and erosion change landforms. When raindrops reach the soil, they detach soil particles. In cold climates, glaciers shape valleys by erosion. Land degradation soil degradation is the decline in soil quality caused by its improper use, usually for agricultural, pastoral, industrial or urban purposes. If soil is not held down by the roots of plants, it is likely to.

Water is also able to erode land by the effects of currents and ocean waves. These bare soil drops are exposed to the energy of the raindrops and wind. Unfortunately, humans also do things that can lead to negative effects of water erosion. Excessive erosion can threaten the production of agricultural and forest products. Wind erosion water erosion limestone 100,000 sand 10,000 alluvium 1,000 100 10 1 0 200 400 600 mean annual precipitation mm wind erosion friction fluid threshold imp thre act shold v t c m s e c 50 40 30 20 10 0 0. This is the type of erosion that results from runoff that spreads across the soil. Wind erosion refers to the detachment, transport, and deposition of sediment by wind. Wind erosion generally occurs in areas with little or no vegetation, often in areas where there is insufficient rainfall to support vegetation. Deposition of the sediment removed by erosion is likely in any area where the velocity of running water is reduced behind plants, litter, and rocks. Soil degradation is a serious global environmental problem and may be exacerbated by climate change. More detailed information about streams and rivers is available in the streams unit. These actions depend mainly on the type of soil, the climate, the vegetation cover, the speed and frequency of wind. Students will be filling in the notes while you lead them through the. Students then answer questions in order to reinforce what they have learned.